Sources and Resources
Fortin, Patricia, and Justin Kwan.
“The Myopia Management Opportunity in the United States Using the 2020 Census.” Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, 1 June 2022, iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2779140.
Joachim, Nichole, et al.
“The Incidence and Progression of Age-Related Macular Degeneration over 15 Years: The Blue Mountains Eye Study.” PubMed, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Dec. 2015, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26383995/.
TC, Burton.
“The Influence of Refractive Error and Lattice Degeneration on the Incidence of Retinal Detachment.” Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 1989, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2562517/.
Pan, Chen-Wei, et al.
“Differential Associations of Myopia With Major Age-Related Eye Diseases.” Ophthalmology, American Academy of Ophthalmology, Feb. 2013, www.aaojournal.org/article/S0161-6420(12)00719-1/fulltext.
Bullimore, Mark A, et al.
“The Risks and Benefits of Myopia Control - Ophthalmology.” Ophthalmology, American Academy of Ophthalmology, 4 May 2021, www.aaojournal.org/article/S0161-6420(21)00326-2/fulltext.
| Eye Disease | 1.8x | -3.00 | -6.00 | -10.00 |
| Myopic Macular Degeneration | 1.87x | 6.53x | 42.76x | 522.9x |
| Retinal Detachment | 1.43x | 2.92x | 8.55x | 35.76x |
| Glaucoma | 1.39x | 2.69x | 7.21x | 26.92x |
| Cumulative Risk of Myopia Related Visual Impairment* | 4% | 7% | 10% | 21% |
*These percentages are approximated assuming an average life span, and are only referring to myopia related visual impairment.
Helpful Resources:
Learn more about what myopia management is here:
- https://reviewofmm.com/what-myopia-management-is-and-what-it-is-not/
Learn more about some of the treatment options here:
- https://www.reviewofoptometry.com/article/consider-ortho-k-for-myopia-control
Studies about the efficacy of nighttime corneal molding:
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4475749/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5721542/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34785154/
- https://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12886-016-0302-5
Studies about the efficacy of peripheral defocus soft contact lenses:
- https://journals.lww.com/optvissci/Fulltext/2022/03000/Long_term_Effect_of_Dual_focus_Contact_Lenses_on.2.aspx
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31343513/
- https://reviewofmm.com/vti-shares-one-year-data-from-protect-trial-at-aao-2023/#:~:text=Combined%20with%20the%20six%2Dyear,error%20change%20among%20progressing%20myopic
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35814919/
Studies about the efficacy of low dose Atropine:
- https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2414925
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36786791/
- https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2805504
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9522992/
Other relevant studies:
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10076805/
- https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2705915
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23892491/
Older studies showing how long these treatments have been actively used for:
- https://www.clspectrum.com/issues/2003/march-2003/orthokeratology-and-adolescent-myopia-control Nighttime corneal molding, 2003 (with anecdotal evidence since the 1960s)
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11486796/ Atropine, 2000
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26513719/ Soft lenses, [at least] 2016
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